17^th World Congress on Infection Prevention and Control June 07-08, 2021 Berlin, Germany

The most number of affected pregnant women is increasing, but scarce information is available about the clinical features Obstetrics Infections outcomes of pregnant patients with COVID-19 in pregnancy caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Moreover maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes of patients who were infected in late pregnancy appeared very good, and these outcomes were achieved with intensive, active management that might be the best practice in the absence of more robust data. The clinical characteristics of these patients with COVID-19 during pregnancy were similar to those of non-pregnant adults with COVID-19 clinical symptoms from 33 Infections with or at risk of COVID-19 were mild and outcomes were favourable of the 3 neonates with symptomatic COVID-19, presented with early-onset SARS-CoV-2 infection. Because strict infection control and prevention procedures were implemented during the delivery, it is likely that the sources of SARS-CoV-2 in the clinical findings or investigations suggestive of COVID-19 affected to mothers, and all samples, including amniotic fluid, cord blood, and breast milk, were negative for SARS-CoV-2. The vertical maternal-fetal transmission cannot be ruled out in the current cohort. Therefore, it is crucial to screen pregnant women and implement strict infection control measures, quarantine of infected mothers, and close monitoring of at risk of COVID-19.

Infections can be caused by bacteria, virus, fungi and parasites through direct contact, indirect contact, insect bites and food contamination. Each infectious disease has its own specific signs and symptoms. General signs and symptoms common to a number of infectious diseases include fever, diarrhoea, fatigue and muscle aches.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a new virus that had not been previously identified in humans. The virus causes respiratory illness (like the flu) with symptoms such as a cough, fever and in more severe cases, pneumonia. The new coronavirus spreads primarily through contact with an infected person when they cough or sneeze, or through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose. More rarely, the disease can be fatal. Older people, and people with other medical conditions (such as asthma, diabetes, or heart disease), may be more vulnerable to becoming severely ill. Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). A novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans. Coronaviruses are zoonotic; they are transmitted between animals and people. Detailed investigations found that SARS-CoV was transmitted from civet cats to humans and MERS-CoV from dromedary camels to humans. Several known coronaviruses are circulating in animals that have not yet infected humans. In the past two weeks, the number of cases of COVID-19 outside China has increased 13-fold, and the number of affected countries has tripled. There are now more than 118,000 cases in 114 countries and 4,291 people have lost their lives. Thousands more are fighting for their lives in hospitals. In the days and weeks ahead, we expect to see the number of cases, the number of deaths, and the numbers of affected countries climb even higher.

Symptoms & Precautions:

Common signs of infection include respiratory symptoms, fever, and cough, shortness of breath and breathing difficulties. In more severe cases, infection can cause pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure and even death. Standard recommendations to prevent infection spread include regular hand washing, covering mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing, thoroughly cooking meat and eggs. Avoid close contact with anyone showing symptoms of respiratory illness such as coughing and sneezing.

Infection control deals with procedures and activities which bring to prevent or reduce the risk of transmission of infectious diseases. It is mainly works in a clinical setting or working in certain laboratories are at risk of occupational exposure to blood borne pathogens including hepatatis B (Hep B), hepatatis C (Hep C) and human immune deficiency virus (HIV) as well as occupational exposure to a range of microbiological agents. Standard analysis is the work practices needed to achieve a major level of infection control and prevention. The use of common precautions aims to reduce, and to eliminate the adequate risk of transmission of infection, particularly those caused by blood borne viruses. Microorganisms are present on hands (resident flora) or acquired during healthcare activities (transient flora). In Particular hand hygiene is to reduce the number of microorganisms on your hands, particularly transient flora which may present the greater risk for infection transmission.

An infection whose occurrence has increased in the past years or threatens to increase is termed as emerging. These diseases include new infections, previously unrecognized infections and old infections reappearing due to antimicrobial resistance, public health issues and unhygienic conditions.

Global market report of infections is a complete study of current trends in the infectious diseases therapeutic and diagnostic market, industry growth drivers, advanced therapies and restraints. It provides market projections for the coming years. It includes analysis of recent developments in technology for infection diagnosis and treatment. Market reports also includes a review of micro and macro factors essential for the existing market players and new entrants along with detailed value chain analysis.

Caution is very important within the medical care unit (ICU). "We generally see a lot of infections in this population due to the length of time they may be in a unit. Infections acquired in the hospitals, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU) settings, ranging between 15% and 20%, may further lead to complications in >40% in critically ill patients. The order of incidence may vary in different settings, but the most usual causes are ventilator-associated pneumonia, intravascular catheter-associated bloodstream infection, catheter-associated urinary tract infection, posttraumatic intra-abdominal infection, and surgical site infection. Designated infection control teams should supervise the process and help in collection and compilation of data. Antibiotic Stewardship Recommendations include constituting a team, close coordination between teams, audit, formulary restriction, de-escalation, optimizing dosing, active use of information technology among other measure.

When disease is caused by an organism that is newly identified and not known previously to infect humans or has changed in susceptibility to an anti-infectious drug, it is commonly called an emerging infectious disease, or simply an emerging infection. The RNA viruses that cause seasonal human epidemics of influenza are highly unstable genetically and mutate frequently during replication. Mutation, or genetic drift, results in susceptibility of individuals regardless of their exposure to the viruses before drift, requiring annual antigenic modifications in seasonal influenza vaccines to ensure protection. The short incubation period, and the mild illness caused by the majority of infections, especially among school aged children, result in rapid transmission potential that leads to seasonal influenza epidemics.

Epidemiology studies the patterns, causes and effects of health and disease conditions. It is the cornerstone of public health and informs policy decisions and evidence based practice by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive healthcare. Epidemiologists help with study design, data collection,  of data, statistical analysis interpretation and dissemination. Epidemology helped to develop methodology used in clinical research, public health studies and to a lesser extent basic research in the biological sciences.

Immunization is that the strategy whereby a methodology is involved in immune or proof against a disease, typically by the administration of AN immunogenic. It is one among cost-effective health investments, with verified strategies that build it accessible to even the foremost hard-to-reach and vulnerable populations. Immunizations are often stated as less risky and an appropriate way to become immune to a particular disease than risking a milder form of the disease itself. Other molecules are used for protection further, for example in experimental vaccines against nicotine (NicVAX) or the hormone ghrelin in experiments to create an obesity vaccine. They are necessary for every adult and youngsters therein they will shield themselves from the numerous diseases out there. Immunization not solely protects kids against deadly diseases but jointly helps in developing children's immune systems.